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Einstein ring : ウィキペディア英語版
Einstein ring

In observational astronomy an Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein-Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring, is the deformation of the light from a source (such as a galaxy or star) into a ring through gravitational lensing of the source's light by an object with an extremely large mass (such as another galaxy or a black hole). This occurs when the source, lens, and observer are all aligned. The first complete Einstein ring, designated B1938+666, was discovered by collaboration between astronomers at the University of Manchester and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope in 1998.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=A Bull's Eye for MERLIN and the Hubble )
== Introduction ==
Gravitational lensing is predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Instead of light from a source traveling in a straight line (in three dimensions), it is bent by the presence of a massive body, which distorts spacetime. An Einstein Ring is a special case of gravitational lensing, caused by the exact alignment of the source, lens, and observer. This results in a symmetry around the lens, causing a ring-like structure.
The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius. In radians, it is
:\theta_E = \sqrt\;\frac},
where
: G is the gravitational constant,
: M is the mass of the lens,
: c is the speed of light,
: d_L is the angular diameter distance to the lens,
: d_S is the angular diameter distance to the source, and
: d_ is the angular diameter distance between the lens and the source.
Note that, over cosmological distances d_\ne d_S-d_L in general.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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